Capillarity
This is the tendency of a liquid to rise in narrow tubes or to be drawn into small openings such as those between the fibres of a towel. Capillarity can pull a column of liquid upward until the weight of liquid becomes greater than the surface tension.
In a tube, capillarity depends on the tube‟s diameter but weight of water column depends on other factors besides it.
The smaller the radius of the tube the higher the liquid will rise in it. This implies that capillarity height is immensely proportional to the diameter of the tube.
By definition
Capillarity is defined as the tendency of liquid to rise in narrow tubes or to be drawn into small openings such as those between the fibres of a towel.
Capillarity action is the ability of a liquid to raise or fall in a narrow tube.
Note:
1. Capillarity depends on the type of liquid. For example if you dip capillary tube in water the water rises in the tube and above the level of the water in the vessel.
2. If the tube is dipped in mercury, the liquid does not rise in the tube. It suffers capillarity depression.
In a tube, capillarity depends on the tube‟s diameter but weight of water column depends on other factors besides it.
The smaller the radius of the tube the higher the liquid will rise in it. This implies that capillarity height is immensely proportional to the diameter of the tube.
By definition
Capillarity is defined as the tendency of liquid to rise in narrow tubes or to be drawn into small openings such as those between the fibres of a towel.
Capillarity action is the ability of a liquid to raise or fall in a narrow tube.
Note:
1. Capillarity depends on the type of liquid. For example if you dip capillary tube in water the water rises in the tube and above the level of the water in the vessel.
2. If the tube is dipped in mercury, the liquid does not rise in the tube. It suffers capillarity depression.
Applications of Capillarity in Daily Life
1. Capillarity is essential to plants and animals.
2. In plants, it facilitates the transport of water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves where photosynthesis produces the plants food. In animals it assists in the circulation of blood.
3. Capillarity promotes the movement of groundwater.
4. It is the principles on which paper and fabric towels work to absorb water.
5. Cotton clothing in hot climates uses capillary action to draw perspiration away from the body.
6. In an oil or kerosene lamp capillarity draws the fuel up into the wicker where it can be burnt.
7. A writing Rubin splits in the middle so that a fine capillary is formed.
2. In plants, it facilitates the transport of water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves where photosynthesis produces the plants food. In animals it assists in the circulation of blood.
3. Capillarity promotes the movement of groundwater.
4. It is the principles on which paper and fabric towels work to absorb water.
5. Cotton clothing in hot climates uses capillary action to draw perspiration away from the body.
6. In an oil or kerosene lamp capillarity draws the fuel up into the wicker where it can be burnt.
7. A writing Rubin splits in the middle so that a fine capillary is formed.
Osmosis
Defined as the movement of a solvent from a region of low concentration through semi permeable membrane.
Particles will diffuse through the membrane in an attempt to equalize the concentration on either side.
Particles will diffuse through the membrane in an attempt to equalize the concentration on either side.
E.g. two solutions of different concentration separated by a semipermeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to the smaller solvent molecules but not to the larger solute molecules. Osmosis stops when the concentration becomes the same on either side of the membrane.
Osmosis stops when the concentration becomes the same on either side of the membrane.
Applications of Osmosis in Daily Life
1. Control the movement of water and nutrients in and out of the cell.2. Filtration processes.
3. Removal of harmful ingredients from drinking water.
4. Removing salt from seawater so as to make it suitable for drinking and for other domestic uses.
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