Instruments used for carrying out different experiments in the laboratory are called laboratory apparatus.
Laboratory apparatus can be classified according to their uses as:
apparatus for taking measurements e.g. thermometer, burette, pipette, measuring cylinder, measuring flask, beam balance, electronic balance, common balance, measuring syringe, beaker and stopwatch;
apparatus for heating substances e.g. boiling tube, pipeclay triangle, crucible and lid, wire gauze, deflagrating (combustion) spoon, Bunsen burner, spirit lamp, tripod stand, evaporating dish, wire gauze and stove;
apparatus for doing chemical reactions (or testing) e.g. beaker, test tube, dropper, flask, watch glass, gas jar and thistle funnel;
apparatus for filtering e.g. filter funnel, filter paper and cotton wool;
apparatus for grinding e.g. mortar and pestle;
apparatus for storage e.g. reagent bottles and wash bottle;
apparatus for scooping e.g. spatula; and
apparatus for safety e.g. goggles and hand gloves.
Chemistry Laboratory Apparatus According to their Uses
The apparatus can also be classified based on materials they are made of. Most of the apparatus are made of glass. Others are made of metal, plastic or wood. Just a few are made of clay and asbestos.
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Apparatus |
Material |
Uses |
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1. |
Test tube |
Glass |
Holding chemicals or, heating substances |
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Leading liquids into containers, and for filtration |
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2. |
Funnel |
Glass or plastic |
purposes |
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3. |
Beaker |
Glass or plastic |
Holding, heating, and mixing liquids |
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4. |
Flask |
Glass |
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Holding, heating, and titrations |
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5. |
Retort stand |
Metal (iron) |
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Holding apparatus during heating |
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6. |
Tripod stand |
Metal (iron) |
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Holding apparatus during experiments |
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7. |
Gas jar |
Glass |
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Gas collection |
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8. |
Wash bottle |
Plastic |
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Washing |
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Ceramic |
or |
non- |
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9 |
Crucible |
reactive metal |
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Heating |
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Metal and |
plastic or |
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10 |
Test tube holder |
wood |
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Holding test tubes while heating |
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11. |
Weighing balance |
Metal and plastic |
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Measuring weight (or mass) |
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Scooping small quantities of powder or crystalline |
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12. |
Spatula |
Metal |
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chemicals |
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13. |
Condenser |
Glass |
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Cooling hot liquids |
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Accurate
measurement of specific
volumes of |
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14. |
Pipette |
Glass |
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liquids for titrations |
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15. |
Burette |
Glass |
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Titrations |
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16. |
Trough |
Glass |
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Assists in gas collection |
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17. |
Tongs |
Metal |
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Picking and holding hot substances and apparatus |
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18. |
Measuring jar |
Glass |
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Measuring volumes of liquids |
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19. |
Thistle funnel |
Glass |
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Leading liquids into containers and apparatus |
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20. |
Dropper |
Glass and rubber |
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Dropping indicators into reagents |
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21. |
Mortar and pestle |
Clay |
Crushing or grinding substances |
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22. |
Wire gauze |
Metal |
Even distribution of heat during heating |
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23. |
Spring balance |
Metal |
Measuring weight |
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24. |
Distillation flask |
Glass |
Distillation |
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25. |
Combustion spoon |
Metal |
Burning powder in jars |
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26. |
Thermometer |
Glass and liquid metal |
Measuring temperature |
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27. |
Delivery tube |
Glass |
Allowing gases pass through |
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28. |
Bunsen burner |
Metal |
Heating substances |
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29. |
Separating funnel |
Glass |
Separation of immiscible liquid mixtures |
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30. |
Measuring cylinder |
Glass or plastic |
Measuring volumes of liquids |
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Sucking in and
measuring specific volumes
of |
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31. |
Measuring syringe |
Plastic |
liquids |
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Plastic or glass
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32. |
Stopwatch |
metal |
Accurate measurement of time |
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Used as a surface to evaporate some liquids, to |
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hold substances being weighed or observed, or as |
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33. |
Watch glass |
Glass |
a cover for a beaker |
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Is a large
test tube used
to heat substances |
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requiring strong heating, or when the sample is |
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34. |
Boiling tube |
Glass |
too large for a test tube |
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35. |
Evaporating dish |
Ceramic |
Heating and evaporating liquids and solutions |
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36. |
Filter paper |
Paper |
Filtration |
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Test tube rack |
Wood or plastic |
Placing test tubes |
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38. |
Reagent bottle |
Glass |
Storing different chemicals |
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39. |
Wash bottle |
Plastic |
Storing distilled water |
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Protecting eyes from chemical spills, strong light |
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40. |
Safety goggles |
Glass |
and harmful vapours |
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Keeping gases, moisture,
air, etc. or
creating |
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41. |
Bell jar |
Glass |
vacuums |
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